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LOWER Formula

LOWER converts all letters in a text string to lowercase. It is commonly used to standardize email addresses, create URL slugs, normalize text for consistent comparisons, and clean up data where case was inconsistently entered. Numbers, spaces, and symbols are not affected.

Syntax

LOWER(text)
ParameterDescription
text Parameter of the LOWER function.
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Examples

Convert to lowercase

Formula
=LOWER(A2)
Returns: "john smith" — converts "JOHN SMITH" or "John Smith" to all lowercase

Create email address

Formula
=LOWER(A2) & "." & LOWER(B2) & "@company.com"
Returns: "[email protected]" — builds a lowercase email from name fields

Standardize for comparison

Formula
=IF(LOWER(A2)=LOWER(B2), "Match", "No Match")
Returns: "Match" if the two cells contain the same text regardless of case

Common Errors

#VALUE!

The argument is an error value. LOWER works on text and numbers (no-op for numbers).

Tips

Clean email data

Email addresses should always be lowercase: =LOWER(TRIM(A1)) cleans up case and spaces in one step.

URL-safe strings

Use LOWER with SUBSTITUTE to create URL slugs: =SUBSTITUTE(LOWER(A1), " ", "-").

Combine with SUBSTITUTE

=LOWER(SUBSTITUTE(A1, " ", "")) creates a compact lowercase version like "johnsmith" from "John Smith".

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